Determinants of Gender-Based Violence in Egypt: A Multilevel Approach

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Mathematics and Insurance and Applied Statistics, Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

2 College of Business and Economics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.

3 Mathematics and Insurance and Applied Statistics, Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

This study aims to identify the predictors of spousal physical violence against women in Egypt. The study used a two-level random intercept logistic regression model applied to the 2015 Egypt Economic Cost of Gender-Based Violence Survey. This sample was a cluster-stratified sample with two stages consisting of  20000 women aged 18-64. This multilevel model recognizes the nested structure of the data (women within regions) as well as enables regional and individual factors to be analyzed. There is some significant variation in the experience of physical violence by women across the regions as revealed by the analysis. The main findings suggest that factors related to both women and husbands are associated with violence, with higher education for both partners being protective. Women's socioeconomic status, acceptance of spousal violence, and husbands' financial control are identified as significant risk factors. This study highlights the importance of considering contextual factors in understanding women's vulnerability to spousal physical abuse. The results of this study highlight the need for interventions that address both general societal and economic circumstances (e.g., campaigns to challenge unfavorable social norms and economic empowerment initiatives for women) and individual-level problems (e.g., gender equality education programs). When researchers give policymakers clear easy-to-understand, and relevant facts, they can help shape policies, influence laws, and push for resources to support effective programs. It's crucial to get everyone in society involved in efforts to change the social norms, views, actions, and economic factors that lead to gender-based violence.

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